As part of its risk management strategy the Agency uses a combination of derivatives including interest rate swaps, currency swaps and foreign exchange contracts. The following table shows the nominal value and present value, of the instruments related to the National Debt outstanding at year end. The present value of each instrument is determined by using an appropriate rate of interest to discount all its future cashflows to their present value.

The Agency provides treasury services to the National Asset Management Agency (“NAMA”) under section 52 and 235 of the National Asset Management Agency Act, 2009. Accordingly it may enter into derivative transactions with NAMA. Any such transactions are offset by matching transactions with market counterparties. As a result there is no net effect on the National Debt accounts. The nominal value of interest rate swaps transacted with NAMA outstanding at end 2015 was €4.7 billion (2014: €12.8 billion); the nominal value of currency swaps and foreign exchange rate contracts transacted with NAMA outstanding at end 2015 was €2.0 billion (2014: €3.0 billion).

The Agency also provides treasury services to IBRC (in Special Liquidation) and accordingly may enter into derivative transactions with IBRC. Any such transactions are offset by matching transactions with market counterparties. As a result there is no net effect on the National Debt accounts. The nominal value of foreign exchange rate contracts transacted with IBRC outstanding at end 2015 was €0.3 billion (2014: €0.5 billion).

In order to mitigate the risks arising from derivative transactions, the Agency enters into credit support arrangements with its market counterparties. Derivative contracts are drawn up in accordance with Master Agreements of the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”). A Credit Support Annex (“CSA”) is a legal document which may be attached to an ISDA Master Agreement to regulate credit support (in this case, cash collateral) for derivative transactions and it defines the circumstances under which counterparties are required to post collateral. Under the CSAs, the posting of cash constitutes an outright transfer of ownership. However, the transfer is subject to an obligation to return equivalent collateral in line with changes in market values or under certain circumstances such as a Termination Event or an Event of Default. The provider of collateral is entitled to deposit interest on cash balances posted.

The Agency established a Credit Support Account in the Central Bank of Ireland in 2010 to facilitate these transactions. Derivative contracts are valued daily. When collateral is required from a counterparty it is paid into the Credit Support Account. When the Agency is required to post collateral with a counterparty, it uses the funds in the Credit Support Account to fund the collateral payment. If there are insufficient funds in the Credit Support Account, the Account is funded from the Exchequer.

15.1 Credit Support Account

	2015 €m	2014 €m
Balance at 1 January	-	-
Cash Collateral received from counterparties	4,794	4,194
Cash Collateral paid to counterparties	(4,485)	(3,350)
	309	844
Net Exchequer Funding during the Year	(309)	(844)
Balance at 31 December	NIL	NIL

Note:	2015 €m	2014 €m
Exchequer Funding at 31 December	203	511
Net Collateral Posted to Counterparties at 31 December (Note 13)	(203)	(511)

The Agency has entered into a Collateral Posting Agreement with NAMA. At end 2015, NAMA had posted collateral of €0.26 billion (2014: €0.69 billion) to the Agency as part of this agreement.

The Agency has also entered into a Collateral Posting Agreement with IBRC. At end 2015, IBRC had posted collateral of €0.036 billion (2014: €0.025 billion) to the Agency as part of this agreement.